Chapter Three Notes
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Sketch of Jacob Cooper's Ancestry, Department of Manuscripts and Archives, Cornell University Libraries, Ithaca, New York. Copy available in Lane Medical Archives in Rixford Papers, MSS 8, Box 1.12. Also see Cooper-Lane Genealogy in John L. Wilson Papers, Lane Medical Archives.
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Bruner, H. L., Taylor, E. B., Our American Ancestors. Privately printed. Date (?). Copy available at Archives of Sons of the Revolution, Washington, D.C.
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Morison, S. E., The Oxford History of the American People (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), pp. 126-31.
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Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropedia, 15th ed.,s.v. "Friends."
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Lane, L. C., "Obituary Notice of Elias Samuel Cooper, M.D.," San Francisco Medical Press 3, no. 12 (Oct 1862): 226-243.

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Lane, L. C., "Dr. Henry Gibbons. In Memoriam," Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal and Western Lancet 28, no. 2 (Feb 1885): 49-66.

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Alley, R. S., ed., James Madison on Religious Liberty (Buffalo: Prometheus Books, 1985), pp. 55-60.
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Levy, L. W., The Establishment Clause: Religion and the First Amendment (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986), pp. 1-24; 75-89; 121-164.
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Tocqueville, A., Democracy in America, vol. 1 (New York: Vintage Books, 1945), p. 316 and p. 319.
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Frances Trollope, Domestic Manners of the Americans (London: Whittaker, Treacher and Company, 1832), pp. 98-100.
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Darlington, C. D., foreword to On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; or, The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life, by Charles Darwin, (London: Watts and Co., 1950), p.xii. A reprint of the First Edition published on 24 November 1859.

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Jordan, D. S., The Days of a Man: Being Memories of a Naturalist, Teacher and Minor Prophet of Democracy, vol. 2 (Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York: World Book Company, 1922), p. 288.

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Palmer, R. R., Colton, J. A., History of the Modern World, 4th ed. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971), pp. 78-82.
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Palmer, R. R., Colton, J. A., History of the Modern World, 4th ed. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971), pp. 85-87; 174-87.
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Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropedia, 15th ed., s.v. "Mary I."
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Crawford, M. C., In the Days of the Pilgrim Fathers (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, Inc., 1920), pp. 1-58; 91-137.
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Morison, S. E., The Oxford History of the American People (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), pp. pp. 54-6.
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Encyclopedia Americana, International ed., 1983 ed., s.v. "Mayflower." The dates of the voyages of the Mayflower are Old Style, i.e., in accordance with the Julian calendar in use in the seventeenth century. To convert a date to New Style, i.e., in accordance with the Gregorian calendar in use today, add ten days to the Old Style date.
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National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, s. v. "Harvard, John." (New York: James T. White and Company, 1896), pp. 408-9

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Harrington, T. F., The Harvard Medical School: A History, Narrative and Documentary, 1782-1905, vol. 1 (New York: Lewis Publishing Company, 1905), pp. 77-88.

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Barbour, H., Frost, J. W., The Quakers, (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988), pp. 49-54.
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Trueblood, D. E., The People Called Quakers (New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1966), p. 2.
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Barbour, H., Frost, J. W., The Quakers (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988), pp. 49-54.
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Morison, S. E., Commager, H. S., Leuchtenburg, W. E., The Growth of the American Republic, 7th ed., Vol. 1. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), pp. 50-59; 73-78; 82-83.
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West, J. ed., The Quaker Reader (New York: Viking Press, 1962), pp. 12-13. Richard Baxter, Puritan preacher, is quoted by Ms. West in her Introduction to The Quaker Reader.
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Barbour, H., Frost, J. W., The Quakers (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988), pp. 83-8.
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Barbour, H., Frost, J. W., The Quakers (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988), p. 46. Barbour's bibliography on p. 47 states that the quotation of the "Peace Testimony" is taken from Fox G., A Journal (I694). p. 234. Declaration of Eleventh Month (Jan.) 21, 1660-61.
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Jordan, D. S., The Days of a Man: Being Memories of a Naturalist, Teacher and Minor Prophet of Democracy, vol. 1 (Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York: World Book Company, 1922), pp. 409-10.

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Encyclopedia Americana, International ed., 1983 ed., s.v. "Hoover, Herbert (1874-1964)."

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Encyclopedia Americana, International ed., 1983 ed., s.v. "Hoover, Herbert (1874-1964)."

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Elliott, O. L., Stanford University: The First Twenty-Five Years (Stanford University, California: Stanford University Press, 1937), pp.93-4.

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Robinson, E. E., Edwards, P. C., eds. The Memoirs of Ray Lyman Wilbur, 1875-1949 (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1960), p. 40.

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Jordan, D. S., The Days of a Man: Being Memories of a Naturalist, Teacher and Minor Prophet of Democracy, vol. 1 (Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York: World Book Company, 1922), pp. 409-10.

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Morison, S. E., The Oxford History of the American People (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), pp. 126-31.
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Barbour, H., Frost, J. W., The Quakers (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988), pp. 73-81; 358-59.
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Morgan, J., Journal of Dr. John Morgan and a Biographical Sketch (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1907), p. 16.

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Morison, S. E., Commager, H. S., Leuchtenburg, W. E., The Growth of the Republic, vol.1 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 118.
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Bell, W. J. Jr., John Morgan: Continental Doctor (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1965), pp. 17-150.

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Goodman, N. G., Benjamin Rush, Physician and Citizen, 1746-1813 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934), pp. 54-55.

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Carson, J., A History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania from its Foundation in 1765 (Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1869), pp. 39-85.

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Fox, R. H., Dr. John Fothergill and His Friends: Chapters in Eighteenth Century Life (London: Macmillan and Co., 1919), p. 177.

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Fox, R. H., Dr. John Fothergill and His Friends: Chapters in Eighteenth Century Life (London: Macmillan and Co., 1919), p. 177.

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Carson, J., A History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania from its Foundation in 1765 (Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1869), pp. 17-58.

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Carson, J., A History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania from its Foundation in 1765 (Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1869), pp. 59-63.

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William F. Norwood, Medical Education in the United States Before the Civil War (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1929), pp. 68-69.

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William F. Norwood, Medical Education in the United States Before the Civil War (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1944), pp. 63-85.

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Bell, W. J. Jr., John Morgan: Continental Doctor (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1965), pp. 178-239.

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Abraham Flexner, Medical Education in the United States and Canada (Boston: D. B. Updike, the Merrymount Press, 1910), 346 pp.

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Thom, H. H., Johns Hopkins: A Silhouette (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1929), pp. 1-40.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol.1, Early Years: 1867-1893 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1943), p. 238.

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Tutorow, N. E., Leland Stanford: Man of Many Careers (Menlo Park, California: Pacific Coast Publishers, 1971) pp. 66-98; 216-239.

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Jordan, D. S., The Days of a Man: Being Memories of a Naturalist, Teacher and Minor Prophet of Democracy, vol. 1 (Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York: World Book Company, 1922), p.365.

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Elliott, O. L., Stanford University: The First Twenty-Five Years (Stanford University, California: Stanford University Press, 1937), pp. 3-38.

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Bigelow, H. J., Medical Educator in America (Cambridge, Mass.: University Press, 1871), p. 79. Quoted by Flexner A. 1910 on p. 9 (see below).
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Flexner, A., Medical Education in the United States and Canada (Boston: D. B. Updike, the Merrymount Press, 1910), pp. 28-51.

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Flexner, A., Medical Education: A Comparative Study (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1925), pp. 1-58.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol.1, Early Years: 1867-1893 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1943), pp. 102-17 and 222-236.

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Flexner, A., Medical Education: A Comparative Study (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1925), p. 50.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol. 3, 1905-1914 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1963), p. 141.

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Barker, L. F., "Medicine and the Universities," American Medicine 4, no. 4 (1902 Jul 26): 143-47.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol.1, Early Years: 1867-1893 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1943), pp. 181-83.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol. 3, 1905-1914 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1963), pp. 255-62.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol. 3, 1905-1914 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1963), p. 251 and pp. 122-56.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol. 3, 1905-1914 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1963), pp. 1-2.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol. 2, 1893-1905 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1958), p. 387.

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Cushing, H., The Life of Sir William Osler (New York: Oxford University Press, 1940), p. 440.

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Holman, E. F., "Sir William Osler, William Stewart Halsted, Harvey Cushing: Some personal reminiscences," Surgery 57, no. 4 (April 1965): 589.

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Chesney, A. M., The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Chronicle, vol. 2, 1893-1905 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1958), p. 143-145.

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Fulton, J. F., Harvey Cushing: A Biography (Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1946), p. 110 and p. 342.
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Davis, D. M., "The history of the resident system," Transactions & studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 27, no. 2 (1959): 76-81.

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Keys, T. E. "Historical aspects of graduate medical education," J. Med. Educ. 30, no. 5 (May 1955): 26-61.
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Curran, J. A., "Internships and residencies: Historical backgrounds and current trends," J. Med. Educ. 34, no. 9 (Sep 1959): 877.

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Smith, C. E., "Ernest Charles Dickson, B.A., M.B., M.D.," Stanford Medical Alumni Bulletin 3, no. 1 (Nov 1939): 7-8.

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Personnel file of Windsor Cutting, M.D., Personnel files of terminated Academic Council faculty, Office of the Senior Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Stanford University School of Medicine.

Lane Library